[The moral of Laszlo Nemeth's Grieving Process - The role of the novel, Mourning, in trauma processing].

While examining art psychology, it is often experienced that heavy traumas have a highly incentive role on work of arts. It is an exceptional precedent, when a work is born with the intention of processing a trauma, what is also documented by the author himself. Mourning, which is known to be "the most perfect" work of Németh, was written with this intention, when László Németh and his wife lost their three and a half years old daughter, Pocó, in 1930. The period around the experience of loss has never been studied with a focus on processing trauma. This study will research this topic. Examining the novel, Mourning and the relevant work- and biographical documents with the method of psychobiography it can be stated, that László Németh experiencing an acute loss, the unmet needs of his own grief while being in the creative writing process, his unprocessed previous traumas coming to the front, and extreme character portrayal of the novel were presumably obstructive, while the support of his wife and his cousin's similar experience of loss through its role in encouraging the creative process were supporting in processing the trauma. The novel Mourning offers a genuine portrayal of the emotional ups and downs and the looming isolation, as well as of the role of the community experienced during bereavement. In 1931, it is through the words of a peasant woman that László Németh conveys his message, which is still relevant today. The message of the uniqueness of bereavement helps to prevent the grief from becoming the "disease of pride".

[The "price" of creativity? Predictive and protective factors in the suicide of Sylvia Plath].

An increasing number of studies deal with the potential correspondence between suicidal behaviour and creativity nowadays. Psychobiographical analysis of the life of well known artists may help the better understanding of this phenomenon. In the present study predictive and protective factors of suicide are presented through the case of the well known suicidal poet and writer, Sylvia Plath. The most important predictive factors of suicide in her case are: affective disorder, comorbid anxiety disorder, prior attempt of suicide, and also her seriously affected personality, that mainly appears in her affective dependence. Her life events, both causes and effects of these, are also predisposing suicide. The early loss of her father, ambivalent relation with her mother and her marriage foredoomed to failure are the most significant of them. Although she used to write since her early childhood, the constant fluctuation of her psychological state had serious effect on her ability to write and also her motivation, both being an additional source of stress, due to her performance pressure. The fear of the acceptance of her works could also lay to increased amount of stress and anxiety on her sensitive personality. Her tragical life events, her psychiatric illness and her relentless templets towards herself could cause such a pressing stress, that neither creation, nor motherhood (the most important protective factor for women) could predominate. Neither moving to England, nor her last confessional book, "The Bell Jar" could cure her many kind of wounds, and these factors together lead to the suicide.

[Trait-aggression and conscious poetic attitude in the background of Attila József's suicide]. / A vonás-agresszió és a költoi tudatosság szerepe József Attila öngyilkosságában.

Although recently many studies have indicated close connection between aggressive behaviour and suicide, and we can infer at Attila Jozsef's high trait-aggression from several cases, there is no research so far that would analyse the topic of the poet's aggression. We examine in this study the high trait-aggression and conscious poetic attitude of Attila Jozsef and put the question how could those two contribute to his suicide. Recollections of Attila Jozsef's contemporaries reveal that the poet's life was accompanied along with auto- and heteroaggression. By analysing his Rorschach-test, we can also conclude on the weakness of his aggression-control. During his psychoanalytic treatment from 1931 on, some difficult memories and unacceptable desires became revoked, and his aggressive outbreaks became unmanageable, first of all against some females in his life. His free-association works from this period are full of rude, incestuous, aggressive expressions. In spite of these, there is no trace of aggression in his poems - he masks his aggression in them by keeping precisely to formal criteria. We suppose that behind the masking there are unconscious processes, such as a very strong desire to get attached and fear of solitude that led to his aspiration to consciously form "the myth of the good poet". Art's healing power could not prevail as the spontaneous creative process has been turned into a conscious one. His impulses that came to light in the analytic process and were only partly sublime may have returned thus and became urgent and pressing again. We suppose that his high trait-aggression and his conscious poetic attitude together contributed to his life's tragic ending.